网页抓取qq(1.导入urllib的方式先导入需要的模块两种方法：编码和解码 )

　　网页抓取qq(1.导入urllib的方式先导入需要的模块两种方法：编码和解码

)

　　Python爬虫获取浏览器静态网页html的几种简单方法1.导入urllib的方法

　　先导入需要的模块

　　import urllib

from urllib import request

　　两种方式：带浏览器头和代理IP，不带浏览器头和代理IP

　　带有浏览器标头和代理IP

　　url = '需要访问的网址'

#将网页的url网址包装成请求

myrequest=request.Request(url)

#增加浏览器头部

#准备头部,这里有好多 https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37499059/article/details/79003731

user_agent = [

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",

"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",

"Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",

"MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1",

"Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13",

"Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+",

"Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)",

"UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",

"NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",

"Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",

# iPhone 6：

"Mozilla/6.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 8_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/536.26 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Mobile/10A5376e Safari/8536.25",

]

#增加进去，random.choice(user_agent)随机选择一个

myrequest.add_header('User-Agent',random.choice(user_agent))

#设置代理ip

#这里以进西刺网为例，免费高匿代理可以从西刺网获取

proxies = [

'61.135.217.7:80',

'180.173.199.79:47404',

'118.190.95.35:9001',

'118.190.210.227:3128',

'118.190.199.55:80',

'115.194.160.162:8118'

]

#固定写法

proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http':random.choice(proxies)})

opener = request.build_opener(proxy_support)

request.install_opener(opener)

#访问得到结果

result = request.urlopen(myrequest)

　　没有浏览器头和代理IP，所以很容易访问不到IP被封，这与访问网站的反爬虫功能有关

　　url = '需要访问的网址'

#变为请求

r=request.Request(url)

#访问得到结果

result = request.urlopen(r)

　　2.当然每个网页的编码格式都不一样，所以一定要编码解码

　　#导入获取编码的模块

import chardet

#上面通过request访问得到了网页的请求，下面进行编码和解码

html=result.read()

code=chardet.detect(html)['encoding']

#code即为我们获取的编码格式，输出一下看看

print(code)

html=html.decode('utf-8')

#decode进行解码，这样网页的html就可以看得到了哦

print(html)