使用新浪微博开放平台api同步微博内容至自己网站(python用python调用微博API项目实践的相关内容吗?)
优采云 发布时间: 2021-10-29 17:22使用新浪微博开放平台api同步微博内容至自己网站(python用python调用微博API项目实践的相关内容吗?)
想知道python调用新浪微博API项目的相关内容吗?在本文中,我将仔细讲解调用新浪微博API的相关知识和一些代码示例。欢迎阅读和指正。先重点介绍一下:python,新浪微博,API,一起来学习吧。
因为最近接触到一个调用新浪微博开放接口的项目,想尝试用python调用微博API。
SDK下载地址:代码不超过十几K,完全可以理解。
如果你有微博账号,你可以创建一个新的应用程序,然后你就可以得到应用程序密钥和应用程序密钥。这是应用获得 OAuth2.0 授权所必需的。
要了解OAuth2,可以查看链接新浪微博的说明。OAuth2授权参数除了app key和app secret外还需要网站回调地址redirect_uri,并且这个回调地址不允许在局域网内(神马localhost,127.0.0.1 好像不行),这着实让我着急了好久。我没有使用API调用网站,所以查了很多。看到有人写这个地址可以代替,我试了一下,成功了,这对Diosi来说是个好消息。
这是一个简单的程序来感受一下:
设置以下参数
import sys
import weibo
import webbrowser
APP_KEY = ''
MY_APP_SECRET = ''
REDIRECT_URL = 'https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/default.html'
获取微博授权网址,如第二行,用默认浏览器打开后,会要求登录微博,用需要授权的账号登录,如下图
api = weibo.APIClient(app_key=APP_KEY,app_secret=MY_APP_SECRET,redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URL)
authorize_url = api.get_authorize_url()
print(authorize_url)
webbrowser.open_new(authorize_url)
登录后会转成一个连接
key是code值,是认证的关键。手动输入code值模拟认证
request = api.request_access_token(code, REDIRECT_URL)
access_token = request.access_token
expires_in = request.expires_in
api.set_access_token(access_token, expires_in)
api.statuses.update.post(status=u'Test OAuth 2.0 Send a Weibo!')
access_token是获取到的token,expires_in是授权的过期时间(UNIX时间)
使用 set_access_token 保存授权。然后就可以调用微博界面了。测试发了一条微博
但是,这种手动输入代码的方式并不适合程序调用。是否可以不打开链接请求登录并获得授权?经多方搜索参考,程序改进如下,可自动获取并保存代码,方便程序服务调用。
accessWeibo
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#/usr/bin/env python
#access to SinaWeibo By sinaweibopy
#实现微博自动登录,token自动生成,保存及更新
#适合于后端服务调用
from weibo import APIClient
import pymongo
import sys, os, urllib, urllib2
from http_helper import *
from retry import *
try:
import json
except ImportError:
import simplejson as json
# setting sys encoding to utf-8
default_encoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != default_encoding:
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding(default_encoding)
# weibo api访问配置
APP_KEY = '' # app key
APP_SECRET = '' # app secret
REDIRECT_URL = 'https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/default.html' # callback url 授权回调页,与OAuth2.0 授权设置的一致
USERID = '' # 登陆的微博用户名,必须是OAuth2.0 设置的测试账号
USERPASSWD = '' # 用户密码
client = APIClient(app_key=APP_KEY, app_secret=APP_SECRET, redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URL)
def make_access_token():
#请求access token
params = urllib.urlencode({
'action':'submit',
'withOfficalFlag':'0',
'ticket':'',
'isLoginSina':'',
'response_type':'code',
'regCallback':'',
'redirect_uri':REDIRECT_URL,
'client_id':APP_KEY,
'state':'',
'from':'',
'userId':USERID,
'passwd':USERPASSWD,
})
login_url = 'https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/authorize'
url = client.get_authorize_url()
content = urllib2.urlopen(url)
if content:
headers = { 'Referer' : url }
request = urllib2.Request(login_url, params, headers)
opener = get_opener(False)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
try:
f = opener.open(request)
return_redirect_uri = f.url
except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
return_redirect_uri = e.geturl()
# 取到返回的code
code = return_redirect_uri.split('=')[1]
#得到token
token = client.request_access_token(code,REDIRECT_URL)
save_access_token(token)
def save_access_token(token):
#将access token保存到MongoDB数据库
mongoCon=pymongo.Connection(host="127.0.0.1",port=27017)
db= mongoCon.weibo
t={
"access_token":token['access_token'],
"expires_in":str(token['expires_in']),
"date":time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))
}
db.token.insert(t,safe=True)
#Decorator 目的是当调用make_access_token()后再执行一次apply_access_token()
@retry(1)
def apply_access_token():
#从MongoDB读取及设置access token
try:
mongoCon=pymongo.Connection(host="127.0.0.1",port=27017)
db= mongoCon.weibo
if db.token.count()>0:
tokenInfos=db.token.find().sort([("_id",pymongo.DESCENDING)]).limit(1)
else:
make_access_token()
return False
for tokenInfo in tokenInfos:
access_token=tokenInfo["access_token"]
expires_in=tokenInfo["expires_in"]
try:
client.set_access_token(access_token, expires_in)
except StandardError, e:
if hasattr(e, 'error'):
if e.error == 'expired_token':
# token过期重新生成
make_access_token()
return False
else:
pass
except:
make_access_token()
return False
return True
if __name__ == "__main__":
apply_access_token()
# 以下为访问微博api的应用逻辑
# 以发布文字微博接口为例
client.statuses.update.post(status='Test OAuth 2.0 Send a Weibo!')
retry.py
import math
import time
# Retry decorator with exponential backoff
def retry(tries, delay=1, backoff=2):
"""Retries a function or method until it returns True.
delay sets the initial delay, and backoff sets how much the delay should
lengthen after each failure. backoff must be greater than 1, or else it
isn't really a backoff. tries must be at least 0, and delay greater than
0."""
if backoff decorated function
return deco_retry # @retry(arg[, ...]) -> true decorator
http_helper.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#/usr/bin/env python
import urllib2,cookielib
class SmartRedirectHandler(urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler):
def http_error_301(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
result = urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_301(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
result.status = code
print headers
return result
def http_error_302(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
result = urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_302(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
result.status = code
print headers
return result
def get_cookie():
cookies = cookielib.CookieJar()
return urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookies)
def get_opener(proxy=False):
rv=urllib2.build_opener(get_cookie(), SmartRedirectHandler())
rv.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)')]
return rv
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